Hei taonga āwhina nui i roto i ngā hōhipera, ko te kounga o ngā rinena hauorahoroi kakahuā, ka pā tika te patu huakita ki te hauora o ngā kaimahi hauora me ngā tūroro, me te whai huatanga o te aukati me te whakahaere mate urutā a te hōhipera. Hei whakatairanga anō i te whanaketanga paerewa o te rongoāumanga horoi rinename te whakamārama i ngā paerewa whakahaere ahumahi, ka kohia e tēnei tuhinga ngā paerewa o ngā whakamātautau matua me ngā mahi o te maimoatanga matua hei manakohanga ngaio mā ngā kaimahi ahumahi me ngā whare hauora.
Whakakahangia te Pūtake o te Pūnaha
Ko te mahi matua ko te whakatū i tētahi pūnaha whakahaere katoa, ngaio hoki. Me whakatū e ngā whare hauora me ngā kamupene horoi kakahu tētahi pūnaha whakahaere ka taea te kapi i ngā āhuatanga maha i runga i te huringa ora katoa o te horoi me te patu huakita o ngā kakahu hauora.
Kei roto i te pūnaha ngā mea motuhake:
- Pūnaha tukanga horoi me te patu huakita hauora
- Pūnaha whakahaere kohinga whakarōpūtia
- Pūnaha aroturuki me te tirotiro kounga akuaku mō te horoi me te patu huakita
- Pūnaha whakahaere rokiroki kakahu ma
- Pūnaha whakahaere haumaru
- Pūnaha horoi taputapu me te taiao
- Ngā kawenga mahi me te pūnaha tiaki mahi mō ngā kaimahi
Mā te hanganga pūnaha o ngā whare ka taea te whakarite kia whakahaerea ngā hononga mahi katoa e ngā ture. Mā tēnei ka taurangi te kounga o te horoinga rinena hauora mai i te pūtake.
Whakakahangia te Parenga
Ko ngā kaimahi o te umanga horoi kakahu ngā kaiwhakahaere matua o ngā mahi horoi rinena hauora. Ehara i te mea ko tō rātou hauora anake te mea e tiaki ana i a rātou anō, engari he ārai hoki i te horapa o te mate. I te wā e mahi ana, me tino whai te tangata i ngā whakaritenga tiaki.
● Tikanga kakahu
Me ātaahua ngā kākahu o ngā kaimahi, me whakawhiti hoki i ō rātou kākahu mahi i ia wā, i ia wā. Kāore e whakaaetia kia mau i ngā hū i te wā e mahi ana, ā, kaua e tomo ki te wāhi kai, ki te wāhi hui, ki te wehe atu rānei i te wāhi mahi me ngā kākahu mahi.
● Ngā taputapu tiaki
I te wā e kohi ana i ngā rinena paru me te tohatoha i ngā rinena ma, me mau tika ngā karapu tiaki, ngā kopare kanohi, me ngā pōtae, me te mau hoki i ngā kākahu mahi motuhake hei aukati katoa i ngā ara pa o ngā poke.
● Te whakahaere i ngā ringaringa kia mā
Me pupuri e ngā kaimahi ō rātou ringaringa kia ma i ngā wā katoa, nō reira me horoi ō rātou ringaringa, me patu huakita rānei kia rite ki ngā tikanga paerewa hei whakakore i te tūponotanga o te horapa me te pangia e te ringa.
Te Whakarōpūtanga Pūtaiao me te Whakakorenga
He maha ngā momo rinena hauora, ā, he rerekē ngā taumata poke me ngā mōrearea pangia. Ko te whakarōpūtanga pūtaiao te hononga matua hei karo i te whakawhiti pangia.
● Rinena paru noa
Me kohi ngā kaimahi i ngā rinena paru ki te wāhi kua tohua. Kaua ngā rinena e whakarōpūtia ki ngā ara o te hōhipera, ki ngā ara whāiti, me ētahi atu wāhi tūmatanui. Whai muri i te kohi, me whakanoho ngā rinena paru ki roto i te ipu huna, ā, me tuku mā te raina motuhake. Me whai ngā rinena i te ture "paru ki te horoi" me te karo i te hoki. Me wehewehe mārama hoki te ipu kawe me ngā waka mō ngā rinena ma me ngā rinena paru, ā, me tohu. Whai muri i te whakamahinga, me horoi tonu me te patu huakita.
He tino rāhui te whakahaere i ngā mahi rarangi taonga i ngā wāhi tūmatanui pēnei i ngā ara me ngā tomokanga o te hōhipera.
● Rinena paru motuhake
Ko ngā rinena kua poke i te toto, i ngā wai tinana rānei, me ngā kākahu e whakamahia ana e ngā tūroro mate pāwera, me waiho motuhake, ā, me hiri ki roto i ngā putea takai paparua. Me tohu he tapanga poke mārama ki waho o ngā putea takai hei tiaki motuhake ā muri ake nei.
● Ngā whakaritenga mō te rokiroki ngaro
Me wehewehe mārama ngā kākahu o ngā kaimahi, ngā kākahu o ngā tūroro, me ngā moenga, me ngā rinena motuhake mō ngā rūma pokanga, ā, me tino karo i te rokiroki whakauru.
Me whakanoho ngā rinena ma, ngā rinena poke, me ētahi atu taonga e pā ana ki ngā wāhi motuhake, kia motuhake hoki te rahi o te wāhi, kia kore ai e horapa te poke.
Whakapai ake i te Āhua o te Taiao
Ko te akuaku o te taiao o te wāhi horoi he kaupapa nui o te
He mea nui te akuaku o te taiao o te wāhi horoi hei whakarite i te kounga o te horoi rinena hauora. Me whakatinana rawa te pūnaha akuaku me te patu huakita. Ko ngā whakaritenga motuhake ko:
● Te horoi me te patu huakita i ia rā
Whakatakotoria he rā kua whakaritea mō te horoi i te taiao mahi i ia wiki. I ngā rā wiki, me tuwhera tonu ngā matapihi kia pai ai te rere o te toto. Me patu huakita te wāhi kua poke i ngā rama UV i ia rā, ā, me mahi hoki te horoi mākū me te patu huakita kia rua ngā wā i te rā.
Me tuhi taipitopito ngā mahi patu huakita katoa kia taea ai te whai i ngā hua.
● Te Whakahaere i te Taputapu Horoi
Me whakamahi motuhake ngā taputapu horoi mō ngā rohe rerekē. Me whakarōpū, me patu huakita, me rumakina, ā, me rongoa ki ngā wāhi kua whakaritea ngā taputapu pēnei i ngā kakahu taratara me ngā mopa.
Me mārama te tohu rohe hei karo i te whakawhiti parahanga i puta mai i te whakaranu o te taputapu.
Whakapūmautia te Tukanga Horoi
Ko te horoi me te patu huakita te kaupapa matua o te whakatau i te kounga o ngā rinena hauora. Me whai pū ngā kaimahi i ngā ture me ngā tukanga mahi pūtaiao kia tutuki ai ngā paerewa i runga i te ma me te patu huakita o ngā rinena.
● Ngā paru wāhanga
I te wā e rongoatia ana ngā paru hapa o te rinena, me whai te tangata i ngā ture ngaio o te "maroke tuatahi, kātahi ka mākū" me te "waikawa tuatahi, kātahi ka waikawa" kia kore ai e toe ngā paru, e kino rānei ki te rinena i puta mai i ngā tikanga rongoa hē.
● Te tukanga patu huakita o ngā kakahu
E ai ki te taumata o te parahanga me te mōrearea o te mate, me whakamahi ngā kaimahi i ngā tikanga horoi me ngā tikanga patu huakita rerekē.
- Ngā kakahu kua poke noa:
Horoia hei tango i te paru o te mata → patu huakita mā te horoi ki te 250mg/L patu huakita kei roto he hauwaiwai mō te iti rawa 10 meneti → horoia ka whakakorea kia tino horoia hei tango i ngā toenga patu huakita i runga i te rinena.
- Ngā kakahu kua poke mārama:
Mō te hunga he toto, he wai tinana, he hinu, he putunga rānei e kitea ana:
Tangohia ngā poke e kitea ana mā te horoi → patu huakita mā te horoi ki te 2000mg/L wai patu huakita kei roto he hauwaiora kukū teitei mō te 30 meneti → horoi → whakahāngai.
- Ngā kakahu tino poke:
Mō te hunga kua pangia e ngā mate pukupuku hau, ngā mate pukupuku toto, ngā mate pukupuku hou kāore i te mōhiotia, ngā huakita mycobacteria, ngā pua huakita, ngā rauropi ātete-maha rongoā (MDRO) rānei, me whai i te tukanga tino pakari "patua tuatahi → horoia → patu anō".
whakamahia te 2000mg/L o te patu huakita kei roto he hauwaiora mō te ≥30 meneti → horoia → patu huakita anō hei whakaiti i te tūponotanga o te mate.
Whakamāramahia te Paerewa Kounga
He mea nui ngā tohu moroiti o ngā kakahu kua horoia hei ine i te kounga o te horoinga. Me tino tutuki i ēnei paerewa e whai ake nei.
- Me pupuri kia maroke, kia ma, kia kore hoki e pakaru ngā kakahu kua horoia.
- Kaua e kitea ngā Coliforms me Staphylococcus aureus i roto i ngā whakamātautau moroiti.
- Me whakahaere te tapeke o ngā koroni huakita i roto i te awhe o te ≤200 cfu/cm².
Mā ēnei whakaritenga ka tutuki i ia wahi rinena hauora ngā paerewa mō te whakamahinga haumaru.
Manakohanga Tawhā Ngaio
Hei whakapai ake i te tika me te taumata paerewa o te horoi rinena hauora, kua whakarōpūhia ngā tawhā whakahaere matua o te umanga penei hei tohutoro me te whakatinanatanga mā ngā kaimahi.
Ngā Tikanga Whakarōpū me te Maimoatanga o te Rinena Hōhipera
| Whakarōpūtanga | Ngā Āhuatanga o te Parahanga | Ngā Kaupapa Matua o te Horoi | Ngā hopi horoi i whakamahia | Ngā Kōrero |
| Ngā kākahu pokanga, ngā takai me ngā rinena hemostatic | Ko te nuinga he toto me ngā paru tangata | Te tango toto, te patu huakita me te whakapūmau i te poke | Hopi horoi motuhake mō ngā kākahu pokanga, he tango toto motuhake | |
| Ngā kākahu tūroro, ngā kākahu pēpi | He iti ngā paru werawera, he paru toto i ētahi wā | Te whakakorenga para, te patu huakita me te maimoatanga huakita | Whakangawari Paturopi | Mena he iti te rahinga horoi, ka taea te whakakotahi me ētahi atu kāwai, engari me horoi motuhake i muri i te maimoatanga. |
| Ngā kākahu mahi a ngā tākuta | Ngā paru werawera/hinu matotoru (kara me ngā ringaringa) + ngā paru rongoā maha | Te whakakorenga para, te patu huakita me te maimoatanga ārai-patū | Whakangawari Ārai-Patū | Mō ngā paru rongoā kāore e taea te tango, me rongoā takitahi ki ngā rongoā motuhake i te wā e whakapiko ana. |
| Te moenga noa (ngā paru werawera) | Ko te nuinga he paru werawera me te paru i ahu mai i te ngako tangata | Te whakakorenga para, te patu huakita | He tango toto motuhake, he whakaōrite | |
| Te moenga (ngā paru toto) | Ko ngā toto tawhito maroke te nuinga | Te tango toto, te whakawātea me te patu huakita | Kaiwhakakore toto, kaiwhakakore | |
| Ngā taonga rerekē | Puehu, paru, onepu | Te whakakorenga poke | Hopi horoi kakahu noa |
Tūtohi Pāmahana me te Wā Horoi
| Te pāmahana | Wā | Ngā Tuhipoka |
| 70°C | 25 meneti | Ka tīmata te wā horoi ina tae ki te pāmahana kua tohua, ā, me pupuri tonu tēnei pāmahana mō te roanga katoa. |
| 75°C | 20 meneti | |
| 85°C | 15 meneti | |
| 90°C | 10 meneti |
Tūtohi Tukanga Horoi Kākahu Mahi a te Tākuta
| Tau Raupapa | Tukanga | Taumata Wai | Te pāmahana | Wā (min) | Ngā Tāpiri | Ngā Tuhipoka |
| 1 | Utaina ngā Kākahu | |||||
| 2 | Horoi-Mua | Teitei | Mahana Rūma | 3 | ||
| 3 | Tāpirihia he hopi horoi | Iti | Mahana Rūma | Hopi horoi motuhake | ||
| 4 | Tāpirihia he hopi horoi | Iti | Mahana Rūma | 15 | Hopi Patu Mate Motuhake | Tāpirihia mā te tauranga tāpiri |
| 5 | Horoi Matua | Iti | 65°C | 75 | ||
| 6 | Whakamatao ki te Wai Matao | Teitei | <45°C | 5 | Kaua e hurihuri, ringihia te wai i ngā pāmahana tiketike | |
| 7 | Hurihuri-Wairere | 3 | ||||
| 8 | Horoi | Teitei | Mahana Rūma | 3 | ||
| 9 | Horoi | Teitei | Mahana Rūma | 3 | Whakakore (50g) | Mō ngā mīhini haurua-aunoa: horoia kia rima ngā wā; te horopeta whakakore: 300g~500g |
| 10 | Horoi | Teitei | 50°C | 3 | Whakangawari (200g) | |
| 11 | Hurihuri Waenga | |||||
| 12 | Wetekina | Kaua e whakamahi i te sp teitei |
Tūtohi Tohutoro mō te Pāmahana Wai me te Hopi
| Tukanga | Taumata Wai | Te pāmahana | Wā (min) | Tāpirihia he hopi horoi | Ngā Tuhipoka |
| Utaina ngā Kākahu Pokanga |
4. Mō ngā kākahu pēpi me ngā kākahu tūroro, whakakapia te tuarua me te tuatoru o ngā huringa ki te horoi i mua i te horoinga. | ||||
| Tangohia ngā paru toto | Teitei | Mahana Rūma | 5 | ||
| Tangohia ngā paru toto | Teitei | Mahana Rūma | 5 | ||
| Tāpirihia he hopi horoi | Iti | Mahana Rūma | Hopi horoi motuhake | ||
| Tāpirihia he hopi horoi | Iti | Mahana Rūma | Hopi Patu Mate Motuhake | ||
| Wera | Iti | 85°C | |||
| Horoi Mahana-Tiketike | Iti | 85°C | 35 | ||
| Hurihuri Waenga | 3 | ||||
| Horoi | Teitei | Mahana Rūma | 3 | ||
| Horoi | Teitei | Mahana Rūma | 3 | Whakangawari Paturopi (200g) | |
| Horoi | |||||
| Hurihuri Tere-Tiketike | 3 | ||||
| Wetekina |
Whakamutunga
He wāhanga nui o te whakatūnga o te ratonga hauora hauora te whanaketanga paerewa o te umanga horoi rinena hauora. Ā tōna wā, e tumanakohia ana kia tino whai ngā umanga i roto i te umanga horoi i ngā paerewa, kia whakapai tonu hoki i te taumata o ngā hangarau horoi me te patu huakita. Me tiaki te hauora me te haumaru o ngā kaimahi hauora me ngā tūroro.
Wā tuku: Hakihea-12-2025